生成htpasswd文件

原文：http://wiki.nginx.org/Faq#How_do_I_generate_an_htpasswd_file_without_having_Apache_tools_installed.3F

文件权限

chown root:nobody .htpasswd
chmod 640 .htpasswd

openssl生成

printf "John:$(openssl passwd -crypt V3Ry)\n" >> .htpasswd # this example uses crypt encryption

printf "Mary:$(openssl passwd -apr1 SEcRe7)\n" >> .htpasswd # this example uses apr1 (Apache MD5) encryption

printf "Jane:$(openssl passwd -1 V3RySEcRe7)\n" >> .htpasswd # this example uses MD5 encryption

# This example uses SSHA (Salted SHA-1) encryption
echo "Jim:{SSHA}$(echo -n 'mypasswordMYSALT' | openssl dgst -binary -sha1 | sed 's/$/MYSALT/' | base64)" >> .htpasswd

$ openssl.exe passwd --help
Usage: passwd [options] [passwords]
where options are
-crypt             standard Unix password algorithm (default)
-1                 MD5-based password algorithm
-apr1              MD5-based password algorithm, Apache variant
-salt string       use provided salt
-in file           read passwords from file
-stdin             read passwords from stdin
-noverify          never verify when reading password from terminal
-quiet             no warnings
-table             format output as table
-reverse           switch table columns

htpasswd.py

#!/usr/bin/python
"""Replacement for htpasswd"""
# Original author: Eli Carter
import os
import sys
import random
from optparse import OptionParser
# We need a crypt module, but Windows doesn't have one by default.  Try to find
# one, and tell the user if we can't.
try:
    import crypt
except ImportError:
    try:
        import fcrypt as crypt
    except ImportError:
        sys.stderr.write("Cannot find a crypt module.  "
                         "Possibly http://carey.geek.nz/code/python-fcrypt/\n")
        sys.exit(1)
def salt():
    """Returns a string of 2 randome letters"""
    letters = 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz' \
              'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ' \
              '0123456789/.'
    return random.choice(letters) + random.choice(letters)
class HtpasswdFile:
    """A class for manipulating htpasswd files."""
    def __init__(self, filename, create=False):
        self.entries = []
        self.filename = filename
        if not create:
            if os.path.exists(self.filename):
                self.load()
            else:
                raise Exception("%s does not exist" % self.filename)
    def load(self):
        """Read the htpasswd file into memory."""
        lines = open(self.filename, 'r').readlines()
        self.entries = []
        for line in lines:
            username, pwhash = line.split(':')
            entry = [username, pwhash.rstrip()]
            self.entries.append(entry)
    def save(self):
        """Write the htpasswd file to disk"""
        open(self.filename, 'w').writelines(["%s:%s\n" % (entry[0], entry[1])
                                             for entry in self.entries])
    def update(self, username, password):
        """Replace the entry for the given user, or add it if new."""
        pwhash = crypt.crypt(password, salt())
        matching_entries = [entry for entry in self.entries
                            if entry[0] == username]
        if matching_entries:
            matching_entries[0][1] = pwhash
        else:
            self.entries.append([username, pwhash])
    def delete(self, username):
        """Remove the entry for the given user."""
        self.entries = [entry for entry in self.entries
                        if entry[0] != username]
def main():
    """%prog [-c] -b filename username password
    Create or update an htpasswd file"""
    # For now, we only care about the use cases that affect tests/functional.py
    parser = OptionParser(usage=main.__doc__)
    parser.add_option('-b', action='store_true', dest='batch', default=False,
        help='Batch mode; password is passed on the command line IN THE CLEAR.'
        )
    parser.add_option('-c', action='store_true', dest='create', default=False,
        help='Create a new htpasswd file, overwriting any existing file.')
    parser.add_option('-D', action='store_true', dest='delete_user',
        default=False, help='Remove the given user from the password file.')
    options, args = parser.parse_args()
    def syntax_error(msg):
        """Utility function for displaying fatal error messages with usage
        help.
        """
        sys.stderr.write("Syntax error: " + msg)
        sys.stderr.write(parser.get_usage())
        sys.exit(1)
    if not options.batch:
        syntax_error("Only batch mode is supported\n")
    # Non-option arguments
    if len(args) < 2:
        syntax_error("Insufficient number of arguments.\n")
    filename, username = args[:2]
    if options.delete_user:
        if len(args) != 2:
            syntax_error("Incorrect number of arguments.\n")
        password = None
    else:
        if len(args) != 3:
            syntax_error("Incorrect number of arguments.\n")
        password = args[2]
    passwdfile = HtpasswdFile(filename, create=options.create)
    if options.delete_user:
        passwdfile.delete(username)
    else:
        passwdfile.update(username, password)
    passwdfile.save()
if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()